GDF2 and myeloid sarcoma: Of these, GFAP and NfL are promising or established as important indicators for prognostic evaluation and treatment outcomes in pwMS.4, , –7,15,16,19,22,23 The protein GZMA is less well recognized as prognostic marker,24 while TREM2,25 IL17A,26 S100B,27 and CD4 are studied for their role in MS pathogenesis and as possible therapeutic targets, and the other identified proteins (VGF, CCL13, NPTX2, CCL11, CST7, GDF2, FURIN) limited or not at all studied in MS.