For instance, in a mouse melanoma model, GPR68 knockout was noted to elevate the number of effector CD8+ T cells, induce T cell proliferation and migration enhancement, and increase the synthesis of cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), TNF-α, and granzyme B, ultimately reducing the degree of melanoma invasion (Cao et al., 2021). Here, GPR68 is linked to melanoma.