MUC1 and pancreatic neoplasm: further modified the DC vaccines by loading the MUC1-PD-L1 immunogen (MUC1-Vax) that consist of a fusion gene that incorporated the extracellular domain of human MUC1 along with the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which demonstrated robust therapeutic effects against tumors in mice, indicating a promising strategy for treating pancreatic cancer by double-targeting MUC1 and PD-L1 (36).