TNF and specific granule deficiency: It was found that SGD treatment significantly increased the levels of EGF, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the gastric tissue of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer rats, while decreasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and caspase-3.