SMAD3 and depressive disorder: By making LPS-induced depression model mice, drug treatment, behavioral tests and detection of hippocampal tissue samples, it was found that SGD can regulate the levels of IL-10, TNF-α, BDNF, SMAD3, FGFR1 and FGFR2 to improve the depressive state, which can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the efficacy of SGD in treating depression (Li L. et al., 2024).