The interplay with AMPK signaling further refines this regulation: activation of AMPK can inhibit GSK-3β, thereby enhancing autophagy and supporting neuronal health, particularly in Parkinson’s disease models where AMPK-mediated suppression of GSK-3β reduces neuroinflammation (Li et al., 2014; Sun et al., 2016; Duan et al., 2019). The gene discussed is GSK3B; the disease is Parkinson disease.