TNF and Parkinson disease: In 6-OHDA-induced rat models of PD, resveratrol lowers the concentrations of TNF-α and COX-2 in the SNpc, mitigates neuroinflammation, protects dopaminergic neurons, and ameliorates the aberrant rotational behavior in mice.[127] In rotenone-induced PD rats, resveratrol blocks microglial activation, lessens IL-1β levels, and suppresses neuroinflammation.[128]