NFKB1 and Parkinson disease: Diosgenin is a steroidal saponin extracted from Dioscorea.[202] Diosgenin engages with the gut microbiome to regulate the synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol, which, in turn, influences the metabolic landscape of the gut microbiome.[203,204] In MPTP-induced PD mice, diosgenin amplifies bile acid expression and, via the GLP-1 pathway mediated by bile acids, suppresses the intestinal NF-κB pathway.