This leads to a downregulation in the release of iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-α thereby alleviating neuroinflammation.[180] In the context of PD mouse models induced by MPTP, cannabinoids continue their protective role by lowering Iba-1 expression, inhibiting the activation of microglia, and consequently reducing TNF-α and IL-1β release. Here, AIF1 is linked to Parkinson disease.