Blauvelt et al. also highlighted UPA’s effectiveness in difficult-to-treat cases, particularly in patients switching from dupilumab.[21] Pediatric data from Qian et al further demonstrated EASI-75 achievement rates of 70% at 12 weeks, with a safety profile comparable to that in adult populations.[20] Mechanistically, UPA’s selective JAK1 inhibition suppresses multiple cytokines implicated in AD pathogenesis, including IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31. Here, JAK1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.