Previous observational studies revealed that selenium was associated with insulin resistance.[32] In animal models, it is also found that a high-selenium diet induces insulin resistance in gestating rats and their offspring.[33] The detrimental effect of selenium on insulin sensitivity may contribute to dysfunction of target organs such as the pancreas, liver, kidney and adipose tissue.[34] Association between selenium and insulin resistance indirectly support the results of this study. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.