More recently, a single-cell transcriptomic study showed that CIN-induced chronic activation of the cGAS/STING pathway could result in the rewiring of downstream signalling in cancer cells, leading to a pro-metastatic TME via type I interferon tachyphylaxis (i.e. the reduction in interferon responsiveness to repetitive cGAS/STING stimulation) and an increased cell-autonomous endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response [157]. Here, CGAS is linked to cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.