Its positive effect on TDP-43 proteinopathy and on rescuing motor neuron survival both in vivo and in co-culture with iAstrocytes derived from both familial and sporadic ALS patients also suggest that M102 may be beneficial for a wide range of ALS subtypes as ~ 97% of ALS cases display TDP-43 proteinopathy and ~ 90% of cases are sporadic. Here, TARDBP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.