ENTPD1 and COVID-19: In COVID-19 patients, dysregulated nucleotide metabolism is characterized by elevated expression of CD39 and CD73 in total leukocytes, altered hydrolysis of platelet ATP, ADP, and AMP in severe cases, increased extracellular ATP levels, and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17.