Notably, age reduced the average magnitude of effect of tumor suppressor gene inactivation (P = 2.3 × 10−14 for deviation of best fit line from equal effect line), with the impacts of several well-established lung tumor suppressor genes, including Pten, p53 and Nf1 significantly reduced in aged mice (Fig. 2d,e and Extended Data Fig. 1d,e). This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and neoplasm.