HAMP and anemia: Beyond established therapies such as ESAs, iron supplementation, and HIF-PHIs, temporal keyword analysis and emerging thematic clusters point to several potential avenues, warranting further investigation in renal anemia research: (1) SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, tofogliflozin) ameliorate anemia in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD via hepcidin suppression, improved iron availability, EPO stimulation, gut microbiome modulation, and anti-inflammatory effects [77–84].