KLK3 and prostate cancer: Although organized prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer (PCa) is not recommended by most health authorities, including those in France, a high frequency of PSA testing is observed in many countries with significant association with incidence but not PCa-specific mortality.1,2,3 However, ecological analysis in the US showed that the incidence of metastatic PCa, which had decreased during the first phase of intense PSA screening, has slightly increased since 2012.4