By comparing the mRNA (Supplementary Fig. S2A and B) and protein (Fig. 4D–G) expression levels of podocyte lineage identification markers between uninfected (Fig. 4D and E) and infected (Fig. 4F and G) cells at varying stages of differentiation (Day 0 to Day 5 podocytes), we observed an increase in nephrin and synaptopodin and a decrease in podocin upon infection with the viral particles. Here, NPHS1 is linked to infection.