A Phase Ib clinical trial found that neoantigen-vaccine NEO-PV-01 reshapes the TME of KRASG12C-mutated NSCLC, including activated T cell cytotoxicity, enhanced tetramer+ (neoantigen-specific) CD4+ T cell populations, high expression of MHC class II by cells of the monocytic lineage (CD14, CD11c), and increased TCR diversity (Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT03380871) [130]. Here, CD4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.