For example, downstream pathway activation correlated to cancer cell behavior has been reported in a recent study of a related HMGB1 protein, where stimulation of exogenous HMGB1, which is ubiquitous in the tumor microenvironment and plays a vital role in tumor recurrence, was directly related to up-regulation of pathways promoting tumorigenesis and down-regulation of pathways suppressing tumorigenesis [32]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and cancer.