In contrast, the JAK-STAT pathway displayed subtype-specific correlations, with a strong negative correlation in the PTC-PDTC group (Spearman r = − 0.47), but weaker or inconsistent correlations in other subtypes (ATC: r = 0.04, PTC: r = 0.07, and FTC: r = − 0.17; all p < 0.01). This evidence concerns the gene SOAT1 and thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 2.