Upon further analysis of CD45RA and CD62L expression on CD8+ T cells from different tissues of CRC patients, we found that the majority of CD8+ T cells in both non-tumor (IEL and LPL) and tumor tissues predominantly displayed a CD45RA−CD62L− effector memory T cell (Tem) phenotype, while those in PBMCs had higher proportions of CD45RA+ populations (Fig. 1e-f). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.