Thus, tumor development and progression in breast cancer may be regulated through axes such as SPRY4-IT1/miR-6882-3p/TCF7L2, LncCCAT1/miR-204/211/TCF4, and CASC15/miR-654-5p/MEF2D (Li et al., 2017a; Song et al., 2020; Shen et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene TCF4 and neoplasm.