Emerging studies further extend these observations to solid tumors such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), where tumor cells acquire immune molecules (CD14, CD16, CD56 and CD45) from infiltrating immune-cells (Marcarian et al., 2025), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), where cancer-associated fibroblasts transfer cholesterol and plasma membrane lipids to PDAC cells, fostering an immune-suppressive milieu (Ogier et al., 2023) and high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), where trogocytic transfer of CD9 from tumor cells to NK cells hampers their cytotoxicity (Gonzalez et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene PTPRC and neoplasm.