For example, in a new metastasis model, VHL not only promotes RCC metastasis by regulating VEGF through HIF to affect angiogenesis, but also exosomes produced by VHL (−) RCC cells can induce EMT, migration, invasion and metastasis in VHL (+) RCC cells (Schoenfeld et al., 2023). The gene discussed is VHL; the disease is renal cell adenocarcinoma.