Against simple steatosis (NAFL), Gyps modulates gut microbiota composition (Huang et al., 2019), inhibits the LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory cascade (Shen et al., 2020), and dually regulates lipid metabolism by suppressing fatty acid/cholesterol synthesis while promoting β-oxidation (Zhou et al., 2023b). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is non-alcoholic fatty liver.