CRHR1 and substance dependence: Finally, while preclinical evidence consistently implicates CRHR1 in stress- and dependence-driven alcohol behaviors, clinical translation has so far been unsuccessful: CRHR1 antagonists such as pexacerfont and verucerfont have failed to attenuate craving or relapse in human trials (Kwako et al., 2015; Schwandt et al., 2016).