INS and diabetes mellitus: HbA1c of those patients receiving oral medication only or insulin therapy only were lower than those with nondrug therapy or oral medication together with insulin therapy (p  < 0.05), Those patients possessing complications and unfamiliar with diabetes knowledge showed higher HbA1c values than those without complications and familiar with diabetes knowledge (10.51 ± 2.94 vs. 8.83 ± 2.36, p  < 0.001 and 10.35 ± 2.84 vs. 8.41 ± 2.06, p  < 0.001, respectively).