CCL1 and meningeal tuberculosis: Previous research used immunoassays to validate the accuracy of recently identified host 3-biomarkers (VEGF-A/IFN-γ/MPO) and 4-biomarkers (MPO/IFN-γ/ICAM1/IL-8), and constructed a new combination panel (CC4b/CC4/CCL1/procalcitonin) with an AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.94–1.00) as the diagnostic candidates for childhood TBM (Manyelo et al., 2022).