Dendritic cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), thereby initiating an immune response (17).In COPD, the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells is impaired, leading to an imbalance in T cell responses (138), in COPD, dendritic cells are activated via TLR2, promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells and contributing to the development of emphysema. The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.