TGFB1 and ovarian cancer: Prospective validation should predefine analytic thresholds, ensure inter-assay concordance between discovery and surrogate panels, and embed multi-site sampling to avoid misclassification by local ecology; however, the current body of single-cell and spatial evidence already delineates measurable features that can be operationalized to forecast T-cell access, checkpoint-ligand geography, and TGF-β–linked stromal risk in ovarian cancer.