An ex vivo cell viability screen in which primary AML samples were cultured in the presence of 94 distinct cytokines, to extensively analyse the impact of cytokines in modifying AML cell survival, identified IL-1β, exerting the most robust effects including increased cell growth and survival in almost 70% of 60 primary AML samples, irrespective of the mutational status (58). Here, IL1B is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.