An ongoing phase I/II trial has shown that pegylated IFN-α did not significantly alter toxicity or acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) risk when administered prophylactically after myeloablative conditioning in an AML cohort at high risk for relapse and resulted in relatively low rates of relapse suggesting a robust graft versus leukemia (GVL) response (121). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.