This pronounced immune dysfunction appears to be long-lasting, with EBOV survivors displaying elevated blood markers of inflammation, including high levels of IL-1β, TNF and CCL5, increased anti-inflammatory IL-10, sustained T cell activation and DC depletion 19–25 months post-infection, none of which are evident in filovirus-infected ERB bmMΦs (78). The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is infection.