Using the risk model of m5C regulated genes, it was found that the overexpression of YBX1 gene led to poor prognosis of HCC patients (Li D. et al., 2022); ALYREF and NSUN4 could also be used as carcinogenic indicators of HCC prognosis and were related to immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene NSUN4 and neoplasm.