HK2 and neoplasm: The latest research conducted in July 2025 revealed that NSUN2 mediates the 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification of key glycolytic enzyme (GLUT1, HK2, PFKM) mRNA, enhancing their stability and expression, forming a positive feedback loop, which further improves the glucose uptake ability of tumor cells, aggravating the metabolic restriction and functional impairment of CD8+ T cells, thereby promoting tumor immune escape and malignant progression (He J. et al., 2025).