Using the risk model of m5C regulated genes, it was found that the overexpression of YBX1 gene led to poor prognosis of HCC patients (Li D. et al., 2022); ALYREF and NSUN4 could also be used as carcinogenic indicators of HCC prognosis and were related to immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. The gene discussed is ALYREF; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.