GPNMB and ovarian cancer: Additionally, knocking down GPNMB resulted in a reduction in the protein level of HIF-1α, while having no impact on the mRNA level of HIF-1α.Most notably, the overexpression of GPNMB was able to reverse the antitumor effect that miR-532–3p had exerted, indicating a significant relationship between them in regulating the biological behaviors and functions of ovarian cancer cells (Tuo et al., 2022).