GPT and glioblastoma: The study illustrated: Dendritic cell-based vaccine platforms (e.g., ilixadencel), cytokine-based vaccine platforms (e.g., ALT-803), NK receptor agonist antibodies (e.g., AFM24) and mRNA/LNP-based vaccine platforms (e.g., BNT116) It has shown early efficacy in solid tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and glioblastoma (with partial ORR of 30–50% and DCR of 80–100%), and the safety is comparatively manageable (the incidence of grade ≥3 adverse events is less compared to T-cell therapy).