MMP9 and cancer: Both MMP2 and MMP9 are crucial matrix metalloproteinases involved in ECM degradation and tissue remodeling.37 MMP9, in particular, plays a critical role during development, wound healing, and in pathological conditions marked by inflammation, such as arthritis, diabetes, and cancer.38,39 Its proteolytic activity not only remodels the ECM but also contributes to the regulation of inflammation through cleavage and activation of cytokines and chemokines.15