CYP19A1 and gestational diabetes: For instance, gestational diabetes is associated with an approximately 40% higher risk of ASD in offspring (34); high PM2.5/NO2 exposure is linked to ~31% higher risk (35); adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with about a 23% lower risk (36); and research on the BPA–aromatase–ASD pathway (with partial reversibility) suggests new targets for mitigating chemical exposures (19).