NPPB and Autoimmunity: While our results indicate that hs-CRP, lupus anticoagulant, sVCAM-1, and aPL antibodies are consistently associated with incident CVD in adults with autoimmune conditions, suggesting their potential utility in risk prediction, other markers—such as IL-6, NT-proBNP, and fibrinogen—showed promise but were hampered by small sample sizes or substantial heterogeneity.