Mechanistically, exosomal miR-210 enhances the phosphorylation levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S6K1, a downstream target of mTOR, thereby activating the mTOR pathway, which counteracts GEM-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, ultimately facilitating the horizontal transfer of drug-resistant traits in PC [38]. Here, MTOR is linked to pachyonychia congenita.