Several patients had extremely rare immunodeficiencies, such as severe combined immunodeficiency secondary to MALT1, ITK, or IL2RG (X-linked) deficiencies, as well as Nijmegen breakage syndrome, interferon gamma receptor defects, adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency, and X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder. Here, MALT1 is linked to severe combined immunodeficiency.