The action of TCIs (such as tacrolimus) in vitiligo as: 1) TCIs downregulate proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor, and induce anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin IL-10; 2) Promote the migration and proliferation of melanocytes and melanoblasts; 3) Induce melanogenesis through increasing tyrosinase expression and dopa oxidase activity; 4) Reduce oxidative stress and improved antioxidant capacity.26, 27, 28. Here, TNF is linked to vitiligo.