PTEN and thyroid gland carcinoma: Numerous additional studies have shown the effect of TP53 disruption in thyroid cancer progression when it is co-mutated with early oncogenic events, such as RET fusion (154), BRAF p.V600E (155, 156, 157), HRAS p.G12V (158), KRAS p.G12D (159), PTEN mutation (143), and STRN::ALK fusion (160).