The overdominant model for ESR1 rs12154178 showed a statistically significant association: individuals with the C/A genotype had lower odds of presenting moderate fluorosis than those with homozygous genotypes (C/C + A/A) did (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10–0.95; p = 0.034). Here, ESR1 is linked to dental fluorosis.