We validated our samples by confirming that AD-tau, but not the Con samples, contained detectable paired helical filaments (Supplementary Fig. 2A), tau phosphorylated at S396/S404 (PHF1-reactive; Supplementary Fig. 2B), 3R and 4R tau isoforms (Supplementary Fig. 2C), the pathogenic PAD-exposed conformation (TNT1-reactive, Supplementary Fig. 2E), and tau oligomers (TOC1-reactive; Supplementary Fig. 2F). The gene discussed is PHF1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.