However, it remains unclear whether caspase-1 was also activated by caspase-8, as observed in bacterial infections [2, 60], by active caspases-3/7, which were previously shown to activate NLRP3-dependent inflammation upon TLR signaling [55, 57], or independent activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome [26, 61]. The gene discussed is CASP8; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.