Although ELISA remains the gold standard for quantifying exosomal PD‐L1 levels, it is limited by low sensitivity, a narrow dynamic range, and operator‐dependent variability.[13, 14] Moreover, the heterogeneity of circulating exosomes, which originate from both tumor and non‐tumor sources, compromises the specificity of ELISA‐based detection for tumor‐derived PD‐L1.[15, 16] To address these limitations, a variety of biosensing technologies have been developed to enhance analytical performance. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.