Notably, cluster 4 also exhibits specific upregulation of genes involved in the inflammatory response (Figure 2A) and is predicted to be influenced by cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which have been widely implicated in the pathological processes during the acute phase of ischemic stroke (Doll et al., 2014; Li et al., 2001) (Figure S1C). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is ischemic stroke.