The longitudinal patterns of glucagon concentrations during the OGTT differed significantly between groups, with a paradoxical 15-minute glucagon increase observed only in individuals at early stage 3 of type 1 diabetes.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These findings highlight the need for prospective studies to further elucidate the role of α cells in disease progression and support testing pharmacotherapies aimed at improving both α- and β-cell functions during disease development. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.