NFKB1 and mastitis: Notably, our results contrast with studies focusing on plant-derived anti-inflammatory compounds (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol) for mastitis, which often act through similar NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways but face challenges such as poor bioavailability or inconsistent gut absorption (Xu et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020).