TNF and gastric cancer: Additionally, several knockout or transgenic mouse models, such as insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) (Wang et al., 2000), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) knockout (Yamamoto et al., 2004), IL-10 knockout (Berg et al., 1998), Fas antigen transgenic (Cai et al., 2005), p27 deficient (Kuzushita et al., 2005), and CagA transgenic mice (Ohnishi et al., 2008) are also prone to developing gastric cancer when administered a high-salt diet or chemical carcinogens in conjunction with Hp infection (Pritchard and Przemeck, 2004).