Copper chelating active substance (e.g., D-penicillamine) induce phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 (PMAIP1) expression, which upregulates NOXA protein, a necessary condition for melanoma cell death, highlighting the potential of targeting copper homeostasis as a therapeutic strategy (Qiao et al., 2012). Here, PMAIP1 is linked to melanoma.