HDAC3 and neoplasm: It serves as an E3 ligase for histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), forkhead box O4 (FOXO4), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), affecting cellular migration, metabolic adaptation, and tumor growth (Brenkman et al., 2008; Choi et al., 2019; Girnita et al., 2003).