Furthermore, in HCC, PCNA inhibition enhances sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor olaparib, with AOH1160 and olaparib showing synergistic anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo; elevated PCNA expression further correlated with poor prognosis, underscoring its potential to guide patient selection as both a therapeutic target and predictive biomarker (Li et al., 2025). This evidence concerns the gene PCNA and hepatocellular carcinoma.